VOCABULARY IN LAW

                    vocabulary in law

A

Accuse:menuduh

verb

to blame (someone) for something wrong or illegal : to say that someone is guilty of a fault or crime

Accused:terdakwa

noun

A person that is alleged to have done something.

Acquit:membebaskan

verb

 to decide that someone is not guilty of a crim

Acquital:pembebasan

noun

A jury verdict that a criminal defendant is not guilty, or the finding of a judge that the evidence is insufficient to support a conviction.

Active judge:hakim aktif

noun

 A judge in the full-time service of the court. Compare to senior judge.

Adjourn:menunda

verb

 to end something (such as a meeting or session) for a period of time

Admissible:diterima

noun

A term used to describe evidence that may be considered by a jury or judge in civil and criminal cases.

Adversary proceeding:perselisihan

adjective

A lawsuit arising in or related to a bankruptcy case that begins by filing a complaint with the court, that is, a "trial" that takes place within the context of a bankruptcy case.

Advocate:menganjurkan

verb

 A lawyer who argues for a particular side of a case in court.

Affidavit:surat sumpah

noun

A written or printed statement made under oath.

Affirmed:ditegaskan

noun 

In the practice of the court of appeals, it means that the court of appeals has concluded that the lower court decision is correct and will stand as rendered by the lower court.

Alford plea :permohonan alford

noun 

- A defendant’s plea that allows him to assert his innocence but allows the court to sentence the defendant without conducting a trial. Essentially, the defendant is admitting that the evidence is sufficient to show guilt. Such a plea is often made for purposes of negotiating a deal with the prosecutor for lesser charges or a sentence.

Alternate juror:juri alternatif

noun 

A juror selected in the same manner as a regular juror who hears all the evidence but does not help decide the case unless called on to replace a regular juror

Alibi:alibi

noun

[count]

1 : a claim that you cannot be guilty of a crime because you were somewhere else when the crime was committed

2 : an excuse for not being somewhere or doing something

Alimony:alimentasi

noun

 money that a court orders someone to pay regularly to a former wife or husband after a divorce

Allege:mengatakan

adjective

To say that someone might have done something, but it has not been proven to be true.

Allegation:dugaan

adjective

 Something that someone says happened.

Answer:menjawab

adjective

The formal written statement by a defendant in a civil case that responds to a complaint, articulating the grounds for defense. 

 Appeal:menarik

verb

To try to reverse the judgment of a court.

Appeal-court:pengadilan banding

noun

A special court where appeals are heard.

Appellant:pemohon

noun

The party who appeals a district court's decision, usually seeking reversal of that decision.

Arraignment:dakwaan

noun

A proceeding in which a criminal defendant is brought into court, told of the charges in an indictment or information, and asked to plead guilty or not guilty. 

Arrest:menangkap

noun

When a police officer takes away someone who has committed a crime.

Arrest warrant :perintah penangkapan

A written order directing the arrest of a party. Arrest warrants are issued by a judge after a showing of probable cause.

Arson:pembakaran

noun

To illegally set fire to something.

Assets:aset

noun

Property of all kinds, including real and personal, tangible and intangible. 

Assume:menganggap

verb

An agreement to continue performing duties under a contract or lease. 

Assault:serangan

verb

 To physically attack another person.

Attorney:pengacara

noun

 lawyer

B

Bail:jaminan

noun

The release, prior to trial, of a person accused of a crime, under specified conditions designed to assure that person's appearance in court when required. Also can refer to the amount of bond money posted as a financial condition of pretrial release. 

Bailiff:juru sita

noun

 A court worker who enforces the judge’s orders.

Ban:melarang

noun

To prevent someone from doing something for a certain amount of time.

Bankrupt:bangkrut

adjective

1: unable to pay debts

2: used to say that someone or something completely lacks a good or desired quality

Bankrupt:bangkrut

verb

 to cause (a person, business, etc.) to be unable to pay debts : to make (someone or something) bankrupt.

Bankrupt:bangkrut

noun

a person, business, etc., that is unable to pay debts

Barrister:pengacara

noun

a lawyer who pleads before a superior court

Bench:bangku

(1)noun

Where the judge sits in a court.

Bench:bangku

(2) noun

A collective name for all the judges within a court

Bench trial:bangku percobaan

noun

A trial without a jury, in which the judge serves as the fact-finder. 

Beyond a reasonable doubt:tanpa keraguan

Adjective

Standard required to convict a criminal defendant of a crime. The prosecution must prove the guilt so that there is no reasonable doubt to the jury that the defendant is guilty.

Binding precedent:preseden yang mengikat

noun

A prior decision by a court that must be followed without a compelling reason or significantly different facts or issues. Courts are often bound by the decisions of appellate courts with authority to review their decisions. For example, district courts are bound by the decisions of the court of appeals that can review their cases, and all courts – both state and federal – are bound by the decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States.

Break-the-law:melanggar hukum

verb

 To do something that is not allowed under the law of that country.

Bribe:suap

noun

something valuable (such as money) that is given in order to get someone to do something

Bribe:suap

verb

 to try to get someone to do something by giving or promising something valuable (such as money) : to give or offer a bribe to (someone)

Brief:singkat

verb

 to give information or instructions to (someone)

Burglary:perampokan

noun

To steal something from within a building or vehicle.

Business bankruptcy:kebangkrutan bisnis

noun

A bankruptcy case in which the debtor is a business or an individual involved in business and the debts are for business purposes. 

 C

Capital offense:pelanggaran modal

noun

A crime punishable by death. 

Capital punishment:hukuman badan

noun

 The use of the death penalty for some crimes.

Case:kasus

noun

statement of the facts in a trial, esp. the argument of one side

Case file:file kasus

noun

A complete collection of every document filed in court in a case.

Case law:kasus hukum

noun

The law as established in previous court decisions. A synonym for legal precedent. Akin to common law, which springs from tradition and judicial decisions.

Caseload:beban kasus

noun

The number of cases handled by a judge or a court.

Cause of action:penyebab tindakan

Adjective

A legal claim. 

Chambers:ruang

noun

The offices of a judge and his or her staff

Charge:biaya

verb

To officially claim that a person broke the law.

circumstantial evidence:bukti tidak langsung

noun

 All evidence that is not direct evidence (such as eyewitness testimony)

Civil law:hukum perdata

noun

 The rules related to the running of a country or state.

Claim:tuntutan

verb

A creditor's assertion of a right to payment from a debtor or the debtor's property.

Collateral:jaminan

noun

Property that is promised as security for the satisfaction of a debt. 

Commit a crime:melakukan kejahatan

verb

 To do something illegal.

Compensate:mengibangi

verb

To give something (often money) to offset criminal damage.

Contract:kontrak

Adjective

a binding agreement that is enforceable by law

Consideration:pertimbangan

Adjective

the process of giving careful thought to something

Convict:menghukum

noun

To state that someone is guilty of a crime.

Common–law:hukum adat

adjective

— used to describe a relationship between a man and a woman that is considered to be a marriage because the man and woman have lived together for a long period of time

Community service:pelayanan masyarakat

noun

A special condition the court imposes that requires an individual to work – without pay – for a civic or nonprofit organization. 

Complaint:keluhan

noun

A written statement that begins a civil lawsuit, in which the plaintiff details the claims against the defendant

Confirmation:konfirmasi

noun

Approval of a plan of reorganization by a bankruptcy judge. 

Contingent claim:klaim kontinjensi

noun

A claim that may be owed by the debtor under certain circumstances, e.g., where the debtor is a cosigner on another person's loan and that person fails to pay. 

Contract:kontrak

noun

An agreement between two or more people that creates an obligation to do or not to do a particular thing. 

Conviction:keyakinan

noun

A judgment of guilt against a criminal defendant

Counsel:nasihat

noun

Legal advice; a term also used to refer to the lawyers in a case. 

Court:pengadilan

noun

Government entity authorized to resolve legal disputes. Judges sometimes use "court" to refer to themselves in the third person, as in "the court has read the briefs.

Court reporter:laporan pengadilan

noun

A person who makes a word-for-word record of what is said in court and produces a transcript of the proceedings upon request." 

Copyright:hak cipta

noun

: the legal right to be the only one to reproduce, publish, and sell a book, musical recording, etc., for a certain period of time

Copyright:hak cipta

verb

 to get a copyright for a book, musical recording, etc., for a certain period of time

Copyright:hak cipta

adjective

always used before a noun

1 of or relating to a copyright

2 not allowed to be copied without permission from the author, composer, etc.

Creditor:kreditor

noun

A person to whom or business to which the debtor owes money or that claims to be owed money by the debtor. 

Court clerk:pegawai pengadilan

noun

The person who ensures a court runs smoothly, the person who keeps the court records.

Courtroom:ruang sidang

noun

The place where cases are heard by a judge.

Court of law: pengadilan hukum     

noun

the place where law cases are heard and decided;

Criminal law:hukum pidana

noun

 The rules related to crime and the punishment of crimes.

Criminal:pidana

noun

a person who has committed a crime or who has been proved to be guilty of a crime by a court

Cross-examine:memeriksa silang

verb

Questioning of a witness by the attorney for the other side.

Custody:tahanan

noun

law : the legal right to take care of a child (such as a child whose parents are divorced)

D

Damages:kerusakan

noun

Money that a defendant pays a plaintiff in a civil case if the plaintiff has won. Damages may be compensatory (for loss or injury) or punitive (to punish and deter future misconduct). 

Death penalty:hukuman mati

noun

 To kill someone as a form of punishment for committing a crime.

Debtor:debitur

noun

A person who has filed a petition for relief under the Bankruptcy Code

Declaratory judgment:penilaian deklaratif

noun

A judge's statement about someone's rights. For example, a plaintiff may seek a declaratory judgment that a particular statute, as written, violates some constitutional right. 

Default judgment:penilaian standar

noun

A judgment awarding a plaintiff the relief sought in the complaint because the defendant has failed to appear in court or otherwise respond to the complaint. 

Defence attorney:pembela

noun

 A lawyer who explains why a person did not do the crime or why they are innocent.

Defence:pertahanan

noun

The argument as to why someone is innocent.

defense table:meja prtahanan

 noun

The table where the defense lawyer sits with the defendant in the courtroom.

Defendant:terdakwa

noun

: a person who is being sued or accused of a crime in a court of law

Direct evidence:bukti langsung

noun

Evidence that supports a fact without an inference

Discovery:penemuan

noun

Procedures used to obtain disclosure of evidence before trial. 

District attorney:jaksa wilayah

noun

: a lawyer who is responsible for starting legal cases against people accused of crimes in a particular U.S. state, county, etc. — abbreviation DA

 Dock:dermaga

noun

The place where the defendant sits during the trial.

Docket:acara pengadilan

noun

A log containing the complete history of each case in the form of brief chronological entries summarizing the court proceedings

Due process:karena proses

noun

In criminal law, the constitutional guarantee that a defendant will receive a fair and impartial trial. In civil law, the legal rights of someone who confronts an adverse action threatening liberty or property. 

Drink-driving:menyetir dalam keadan mabuk

noun

The crime of driving a vehicle after drinking alcohol.

Drug dealing:kesepakatan narkoba

noun

: The crime of selling illegal drugs.

E

Embezzlement:penggelapan

noun

: The crime of stealing money owned by someone else but which you were in charge of.

Evidence:bukti

verb

: to offer or show evidence of (something) : to show or indicate (something)

Expert witness:saksi ahli

noun

 Someone who knows a lot about a topic and is called to give evidence.

Exculpatory evidence:bukti pengecualian

noun

Evidence indicating that a defendant did not commit the crime

Exculpatory evidence:aset yang dikecualikan

noun

Evidence indicating that a defendant did not commit the crime. 

F

Federal question:pertanyaan federal

noun

Jurisdiction given to federal courts in cases involving the interpretation and application of the U.S. Constitution, acts of Congress, and treaties. In some cases, state courts can decide these issues, too, but the cases can always be brought in federal courts.Felon:penjahat

noun

: a criminal who has committed a serious crime (called a felony)

Felony:kejahatan besar

noun

A serious crime, usually punishable by at least one year in prison.

File:mengajukan

noun

To place a paper in the official custody of the clerk of court to enter into the files or records of a case. 

Fine:baik

noun

 To be required to give away money as a punishment for committing a crime.

Foreperson:foreperson

noun

The leader of a jury and the person who speaks for them.

Forgery:pemalsuan

noun

 The crime of making something and claiming it is something else.

Fraud:penipuan

noun

The crime of using false information to get something

G

Guardian:wali

noun

1: someone or something that watches or protects something — often + of

2:law : someone who takes care of another person or of another person's property

Guilty  :bersalah  

adjective

responsible for wrong

H

Hearsay:kabar angin

 noun

Statements by a witness who did not see or hear the incident in question but learned about it through secondhand information such as another’s statement, a newspaper, or a document. Hearsay is usually not admissible as evidence in court, but there are many exceptions to that rule.

High-court:pengadialn tinggi

noun

The most important court in a country (British English).

Hijack:membajak

noun

The crime of taking a vehicle with people in it and forcing it to go somewhere.

Homicide:pembunuhan

noun

The crime of intentionally killing someone (same as murder) (American English) 

Home confinement:rumah kurungan

noun

A special condition the court imposes that requires an individual to remain at home except for certain approved activities such as work and medical appointments. Home confinement may include the use of electronic monitoring equipment – a transmitter attached to the wrist or the ankle – to help ensure that the person stays at home as required. 

I

 Illegal:liar

adjective

1 : not allowed by the law : not legal

2 : not allowed by the rules in a game

Impeachment:pendakwaan

noun

 (1) The process of calling something into question, as in "impeaching the testimony of a witness." (2) The constitutional process whereby the House of Representatives may "impeach" (accuse of misconduct) high officers of the federal government for trial in the Senate.

Imprison:memenjarakan

Verb

 To put someone in prison as a punishment for committing a crime.

Inculpatory evidence:bukti pembuktian

noun

Evidence which tends to show the defendant’s guilt.

Indict:indikasi

verb

 chiefly US, law

: to formally decide that someone should be put on trial for a crime

Indictment:dakwaan

noun

1 chiefly US, law

a [count] : an official written statement charging a person with a crime

b [noncount] : the act of officially charging someone with a crime : the act of indicting someone

2 [count] : an expression or statement of strong disapprove

Information:informasi

noun

A formal accusation by a government attorney that the defendant committed a misdemeanor. See also indictment

Initial hearing:pendengaran awal 

noun

Court proceeding in which the defendant learns of his rights and the charges against him and the judge decides bail.

Injunction:perintah

noun

A court order preventing one or more named parties from taking some action. A preliminary injunction often is issued to allow fact-finding, so a judge can determine whether a permanent injunction is justified. 

Inmate:tahanan

noun

 a person who is kept in a prison or mental hospital

Innocent:tidak bersalah

Adjective

 To be proven to be not guilty, to have not committed the crime.

Intellectual property:hak milik intelektual

noun

[noncount] law

 something (such as an idea, invention, or process) that comes from a person's mind

Interrogatories:interogator

noun

A form of discovery consisting of written questions to be answered in writing and under oath. 

interview:wawancara

verb

A meeting with the police or prosecutor.

issue:isu

noun

(1) The disputed point in a disagreement between parties in a lawsuit. (2) To send out officially, as in to issue an order.

J

Joint petition:permohonan bersama

noun

One bankruptcy petition filed by a husband and wife together. 

Judge:hakim

noun

a law : a person who has the power to make decisions on cases brought before a court of law

Judgeship:hakim

noun

The position of judge. By statute, Congress authorizes the number of judgeships for each district and appellate court. 

Judgment:pertimbangan

noun

The official decision of a court finally resolving the dispute between the parties to the lawsuit. 

Jurisdiction:yurisdiksi

noun

The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a certain type of case. It also is used as a synonym for venue, meaning the geographic area over which the court has territorial jurisdiction to decide cases

Jurisprudence:yurisprudensi

noun

The study of law and the structure of the legal system 

jury :juri       

noun

a group of people chosen to hear the evidence of a case and give a decision

Jury instructions:interaksi juri

noun

A judge's directions to the jury before it begins deliberations regarding the factual questions it must answer and the legal rules that it must apply. 

Jury room:ruang jury

noun

 The room where the jury goes to consider the evidence and decide a verdict.

Juror:anggota juri

noun

[count]

: a member of a jury

Justice;keadilan

noun

: the process or result of using laws to fairly judge and punish crimes and criminals

Juvenile:remaja

noun

A person who is not an adult and is often dealt with in special courts. 

K

Kidnapping

noun

The crime of taking a person away and demanding money to return them.

L

Law:hukum

noun

The rule or rules that govern how people should behave.

Lawsuit:gugatan

noun

 a trial at court between two private parties

Lawyer:pengacara

noun

: a person whose job is to guide and assist people in matters relating to the law

librarian:pustakawan

noun

Meets the informational needs of the judges and lawyers.

Lien:hak gadai

noun

A charge on specific property that is designed to secure payment of a debt or performance of an obligation. A debtor may still be responsible for a lien after a discharge.

Life sentence:hukuman seumur hidup

noun

: the punishment of being sent to prison for the rest of your life

Litigate:mengajukan perkara

verb

to make (something) the subject of a lawsuit : to cause (a case, an issue, etc.) to be decided and settled in a court of law

Liquidation:likuidasi

noun

The sale of a debtor's property with the proceeds to be used for the benefit of creditors.

Litigation:proses pengadilan

noun

A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants

M

Magistrate:hakim

noun

A judge with lower qualifications who deals with minor offences

Magistrate judge:hakim-hakim

noun

A judicial officer of a district court who conducts initial proceedings in criminal cases, decides criminal misdemeanor cases, conducts many pretrial civil and criminal matters on behalf of district judges, and decides civil cases with the consent of the parties. 

Manslaughter:pembunuhan

noun

The crime of accidentally killing someone.

Mediate:menengahi

verb

to work with opposing sides in an argument or dispute in order to get an agreement

Misdemeanour:perbuatan kurang baik

noun

A less serious crime (American English).

Mistrial:pengadilan yang salah

noun

An invalid trial, caused by fundamental error. When a mistrial is declared, the trial must start again with the selection of a new jury. 

Moot:diperdebatkan

verb

Not subject to a court ruling because the controversy has not actually arisen, or has ended 

Motion:gerakan

verb

A request by a litigant to a judge for a decision on an issue relating to the case. 

Murder:pembunuhan

noun

 The crime of intentionally killing someone (same as homicide) (British English).

N

Negligent:lalai

adjective

: failing to take proper or normal care of something or someone

Negligence:kelalaian

noun

: failure to take the care that a responsible person usually takes : lack of normal care or attention

 Notary public:notaris

noun

[count] law

: a person who has the authority to act as an official witness when legal documents are signed

Not-guilty:tidak bersalah

adjective

 To have not committed a crime.

O

Oath:sumpah

noun

A promise to tell the truth.

Objection:keberatan

adjective

A protest by an attorney, challenging a statement or question made at trial. Common objections include an attorney “leading the witness” or a witness making a statement that is hearsay. Once an objection is made, the judge must decide whether to allow the question or statement.

Offence:pelanggaran

noun

The specific law that a person has broken.

Opinion:pendapat

adjective

A judge's written explanation of the decision of the court. Because a case may be heard by three or more judges in the court of appeals, the opinion in appellate decisions can take several forms. If all the judges completely agree on the result, one judge will write the opinion for all. If all the judges do not agree, the formal decision will be based upon the view of the majority, and one member of the majority will write the opinion. The judges who did not agree with the majority may write separately in dissenting or concurring opinions to present their views. A dissenting opinion disagrees with the majority opinion because of the reasoning and/or the principles of law the majority used to decide the case. A concurring opinion agrees with the decision of the majority opinion, but offers further comment or clarification or even an entirely different reason for reaching the same result. Only the majority opinion can serve as binding precedent in future cases. See also precedent. 

Oral argument:argumen lisan

adjective

An opportunity for lawyers to summarize their position before the court and also to answer the judges' questions. 

P

Patent:paten/hak cipta

noun

: an official document that gives a person or company the right to be the only one that makes or sells a product for a certain period of time

Parole:pembebasan bersyarat

noun

To be released from prison early but with restrictions on the person’s actions.

Perjury:sumpah palsu

noun

The crime of lying while promising not to lie.

 Petition:permohonan

noun

The document that initiates the filing of a bankruptcy proceeding, setting forth basic information regarding the debtor, including name, address, chapter under which the case is filed, and estimated amount of assets and liabilities.

Petty offense:pelanggaran ringan

noun

A federal misdemeanor punishable by six months or less in prison. 

Pick-pocketing:pencopetan

noun

 The crime of stealing something from a person’s pocket or bag.

Plaintiff:penggugat

noun

 The person who starts an action in a court.

Plan:rencana

noun

A debtor's detailed description of how the debtor proposes to pay creditors' claims over a fixed period of time.

Plea:permohonan

noun

: a statement in which a person who has been accused of a crime says in court that he or she is guilty or not guilty of the crime

Pleadings:pembelaan

verb

Written statements filed with the court that describe a party's legal or factual assertions about the case.

Police officer:polisi

noun

 A person who catches criminals and stops crimes being committed.

Precedent:preseden

noun

 Where previous judgments are used as the base of new laws.

Presentence report:laporan presentasi

noun

A report prepared by a court's probation officer, after a person has been convicted of an offense, summarizing for the court the background information needed to determine the appropriate sentence.

Pretrial conference:konferensi praperadilan

noun

A meeting of the judge and lawyers to plan the trial, to discuss which matters should be presented to the jury, to review proposed evidence and witnesses, and to set a trial schedule. Typically, the judge and the parties also discuss the possibility of settlement of the case. 

Pretrial services:layanan praperadilan

noun

A function of the federal courts that takes place at the very start of the criminal justice process – after a person has been arrested and charged with a federal crime and before he or she goes to trial. Pretrial services officers focus on investigating the backgrounds of these persons to help the court determine whether to release or detain them while they await trial. The decision is based on whether these individuals are likely to flee or pose a threat to the community. If the court orders release, a pretrial services officer supervises the person in the community until he or she returns to court. 

Prison sentence:hukuman penjara

noun

The time that a criminal has to spend in prison.

Prison:penjara

noun

 A place where criminals are sent and locked up as a punishment for their crimes.

Probation:masa percobaan

noun

A period of time where a criminal's behaviour is looked at closely and if they do anything wrong they can go back to prison.

Procedure:prosedur

noun

The rules for conducting a lawsuit; there are rules of civil procedure, criminal procedure, evidence, bankruptcy, and appellate procedure.

Prosecute:menuntut

verb

To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government 

Prosecution:penuntutan

noun

 The lawyers who are trying to prove a person is guilty.

Public gallery:galeri umum

noun

 The area in a court room where people can sit and watch. (noun)

 Plea bargaining:menawar permohonan

noun

: a process in which a person who is accused of a crime is allowed to say that he or she is guilty of a less serious crime in order to be given a less severe punishment

Power of attorney:surat kuasa

noun

: the right to act and make decisions for another person in business and legal matters

Prison:penjara

noun

: a building where people are kept as punishment for a crime or while they are waiting to go to court

Probation:masa percobaan

noun

: a situation or period of time in which a person who has committed a crime is allowed to stay out of prison if that person behaves well, does not commit another crime, etc.

Prosecute:menuntut

verb

 : to hold a trial against a person who is accused of a crime to see if that person is guilty

Prosecutor:jaksa

noun

: a lawyer who represents the side in a court case that accuses a person of a crime and who tries to prove that the person is guilty

 R

Record:merekam

verb

A written account of the proceedings in a case, including all pleadings, evidence, and exhibits submitted in the course of the case. 

Redemption:penebusan

noun

A procedure in a Chapter 7 case whereby a debtor removes a secured creditor's lien on collateral by paying the creditor the value of the property. The debtor may then retain the property. 

Remand:mengembalikan ke penjara

verb

When an appellate court sends a case back to a lower court for further proceedings. The lower court is often required to do something differently, but that does not always mean the court’s final decision will change

Restraining order:perintah penahanan

noun

[count] US, law

: a legal order saying that someone is not allowed to go near a particular person

Reverse:membalikkan

verb

When an appellate court sets aside the decision of a lower court because of an error. A reversal is often followed by a remand. For example, if the defendant argued on appeal that certain evidence should not have been used at trial, and the appeals court agrees, the case will be remanded in order for the trial court to reconsider the case without that evidence.

Robation officer:pengawas masa percobaan

noun

: a person who is in charge of watching, working with, and helping people who have been placed on probation

Robbery:perampokan

noun

 The crime of taking something that does not belong to you. (noun)

S

Search warrant:surat izin menggeledah

noun

Orders that a specific location be searched for items, which if found, can be used in court as evidence. Search warrants require probable cause in order to be issued.

Sentence:kalimat

noun

the punishment given by a court of law

Service of process:pelayanan proses

 The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.

Settlement:penyelesaian

noun

Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.

Sequester:menyita

verb

 To separate. Sometimes juries are sequestered from outside influences during their deliberations

Shoplifting:mengutil

noun

The crime of taking something from a shop without paying.

Smuggling:penyeludupan

noun

The crime of bringing something into a country that is illegal or not paying taxes related to the items.

Solicitor:pengacara              

noun

 lawyer advising clients & briefing barristers 2US law officer for a city etc

Statement:pernyataan

noun

A description that a witness gives to the police and that the police write down.

Statute:patung

noun

: a written law that is formally created by a government

Statute of limitations:patung pembatasan

noun

 A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.

Stenographer:juru steno

noun

The person who records every word spoken in a court.

Subpoena:panggilan

verb

A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.

Sue:menuntut

verb

: to use a legal process by which you try to get a court of law to force a person, company, or organization that has treated you unfairly or hurt you in some way to give you something or to do something

Sum up:menyimpulkan

verb

 to summarise & review the evidence of a case [said of a judge]

Suspect:tersangka

noun

A person who is believed to have committed a crime.

 T

Temporary restraining order:perintah penahanan sementara

noun

Prohibits a person from an action that is likely to cause irreparable harm. This differs from an injunction in that it may be granted immediately, without notice to the opposing party, and without a hearing. It is intended to last only until a hearing can be held.

Tenant:penyewa

noun

: a person, business, group, etc., that pays to use another person's property : someone who rents or leases a house, apartment, etc., from a landlord

Testimony:kesaksian

noun

: something that someone says especially in a court of law while formally promising to tell the

Testify:bersaksi

verb

To give evidence in a court.

Terrorism:terorisme

noun

 The crime of using violence against people to achieve a specific goal.

Tort:kerugian

adjective

A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.

Truth:kebenaran

noun

The accused: The person who is standing trial for committing a crime.

The stand:panggung

 noun

 The place at the front of the court room where witnesses stand to give evidence.

Theft:pencurian

noun

The crime of taking something that is not yours.

transcript:salinan

 noun

A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation.

Trial:percobaan

noun

: a formal meeting in a court in which evidence about crimes, disagreements, etc., is presented to a judge and often a jury so that decisions can be made according to the law

Trespass:pelanggaran

noun

The crime of entering an area or building without permission. (noun)

U

Unanimous:sepakat

adjective

When everyone agrees with the same answer.

Uphold:menegakkan

verb

The decision of an appellate court not to reverse a lower court decision. Also called “affirm.”

V

Vacate:mengosongkan

noun

To cancel or rescind a court order.

Vandalism:perusakan

noun

The crime of damaging property.

Victim:korban

noun

The person who has had a crime committed against them and who has suffered.

Violate:pelanggar

verb

To not follow rules that are specifically set.

Venue:lokasi

noun

 The geographical location in which a case is tried.

Verdict:putusan 

noun

 the formal decision or finding of a judge or jury

W

Wage execution:eksekusi upah 

noun

The process of deducting money from wages to pay a judgment. Also called a garnishment or attachmen

warrant:menjamin

verb
An arrest warrant is a written order directing the arrest of a party. A search warrant orders that a specific location be searched for items, which if found, can be used in court as evidence. Search warrants require probable cause in order to be issued.

Witness:saksi

noun

 a person who makes a statement in a court about what he or she knows or has seen

Writ:surat perintah

noun

 Legal paper filed to start various types of civil lawsuits.